Chemical - sedimentary rocks that form from evaporation of a solution, leaving crystals behind. They are also called crystalline rocks, Metamorphic Rock - new rocks formed from igneous, sedimentary, and/or other metamorphic rocks that have been changed due to high pressure and high heat, Foliated Metamorphic Rock - alignment of mineral crystals, Mineral Alignment - following heat and pressure, the rocks minerals realign in lines, Banding - occurs after extreme heat and pressure is applied causing very distinct mineral lines that you can see, Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock - lack significant alignment, mainly due to heat, Contact Metamorphism - when rocks come in contact with magma, the extreme heat changes the rock, Regional Metamorphism - when rocks are changed from increased pressure and heat during plate collision, Convection - a method of heat transfer where warmer, less dense fluid rises, and cooler denser fluid sinks, Hot spot - major areas of volcanic activity in the middle of plates, away from the boundaries, Ridge - at divergent plate boundaries where tectonic plates move apart magma rises from the mantle to fill the gap, creating new ocean crust, Trench - a long, narrow, and extremely deep depression in the ocean floor that marks a convergent plate boundary, Fault - a fracture or crack in the Earth's crust, Destructive - recycles or destroys old crustal material, Constructive - builds up new crustal material or creates new landforms, Felsic Igneous Rock - form on continents, low density, light in color, Mafic Igneous Rock - form in ocean, high density, dark in color, Vesicular - contain holes created by gases trapped in the lava (gas pockets), Clastic - sedimentary rocks that contain tiny rock fragments, Bioclastic - sedimentary rocks made from broken pieces of shells or fossils (“Bio” = “living”), Luster - Describes how light reflects off the mineral. It is either metallic (looks like shiny metal) or nonmetallic (pearly, dull, or glassy)., Hardness - A measure of scratch resistance. If a mineral can scratch glass, it is considered "hard" (usually 5.5 or higher on the Mohs scale)., Cleavage - The mineral breaks along smooth, flat surfaces or in perfect cubes, Fracture - The mineral breaks in an uneven, jagged, or curved way., Minerals that crystallize at higher temperatures (like Olivine) tend to be more: - dense,

Rocks and Minerals Study Guide

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