What is population? - The number of people living in a place., What are resources? - Things people need/use (e.g., food, water, land, energy)., What does it mean if a resource is limited? - There isn’t enough for everyone if demand keeps rising., What is food supply? - The amount of food available for people to eat., Give one example of a problem caused by too much pressure on resources. - Food shortages / higher food prices / hunger / conflict over land or water., Who was Thomas Malthus? - A thinker who said population growth can outpace food supply., According to Malthus, population grows faster than what? - Faster than food supply (resources)., Malthus said population can grow very quickly. What word is often used? - Exponentially (very fast, like doubling)., Malthus said food supply grows more slowly. What word is often used? - Linearly / arithmetically (slow, step-by-step)., What outcome did Malthus predict if population keeps rising? - Shortages and “checks” like famine, disease, or war., Name one “positive check” in Malthus’ theory. - Famine / disease / war (events that raise death rates)., Name one “preventive check” in Malthus’ theory. - Delaying marriage / having fewer children (reducing birth rates)., Who was Ester Boserup? - A thinker who said population pressure can lead to farming innovation., According to Boserup, what can happen when population increases? - People innovate and produce more food., Boserup’s theory says people respond to pressure by increasing… - Technology/innovation and farming intensity (more output)., Give one example of an agricultural innovation that fits Boserup’s idea. - Irrigation / fertilisers / improved seeds / machinery / terracing., What does “intensification” mean in farming? - Getting more food from the same land (more inputs/effort/technology)., Give one problem with Malthus’ theory. - It underestimates technology/innovation that can increase food supply., Give one problem with Boserup’s theory. - Innovation does not happen automatically everywhere (needs money, knowledge, stability)., Which theory focuses more on “limits,” and which focuses more on “solutions”? - Malthus = limits; Boserup = solutions (innovation)., What is population growth? - When the number of people increases over time., What is pressure on resources? - When more people need resources than the environment/economy can easily provide., Which theory says population growth is likely to cause crisis and shortages? - Malthus, Which theory says population pressure can increase food production? - Boserup, What is the biggest difference between Malthus and Boserup? - Malthus says population outgrows food; Boserup says pressure leads to innovation and more food., Which theory is more pessimistic? - Malthus, Which theory is more optimistic about human solutions? - Boserup,

Catch1Partner: Malthus vs Boserup

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