1) What causes floods ? a) (a) Overflow of water bodies or excessive rain b) (b) Lack of rain for a long time c) (c) Eruption of magma d) (d) Earthquakes 2) What is it called when soil is saturated with water due to floods? a) (a) Soil erosion b) (b) Waterlogging c) (c) Contamination d) (d) Evacuation 3) Which of these is an effect of floods mentioned in the text? a) (a) Trees grow better b) (b) Crops grow faster c) (c) Domestic animals often die due to drowning d) (d) Water becomes cleaner 4) Floods cause water to get contaminated, which leads to the spread of: a) (a) Air-borne diseases b) (b) Water-borne diseases c) (c) Vector-borne diseases d) (d) None of the above 5) What happens to transportation and communication during floods? a) (a) They improve b) (b) They are disrupted c) (c) They are unaffected d) (d) They are expanded 6) What is a key precaution during a flood? a) (a) Attempt to swim or drive through the area b) (b) Stay in low-lying areas c) (c) Turn off all electrical equipment to avoid shock d) (d) Stay away from high points 7) If a flood occurs, where should one move in the house? a) (a) To the lowest point b) (b) To the highest point c) (c) Stay near the windows d) (d) Stay in the basement 8) Rapid water flow during floods leads to: a) (a) Soil formation b) (b) Soil enrichment c) (c) Soil erosion d) (d) Soil preservation 9) Which items are necessary to keep ready in case of a flood emergency? a) (a) Electrical equipment b) (b) Medicines, torches, candles, and matchsticks c) (c) Cars and swimming gear d) (d) All of the above 10) Normal life gets disrupted and properties get damaged due to: a) (a) Soil erosion b) (b) Waterlogging c) (c) Floods d) (d) Droughts 11) What is a drought? a) (a) Too much rain for a long time b) (b) Not enough rain for a long time c) (c) When volcanoes erupt near water bodies d) (d) A situation where water bodies overflow 12) What happens to the soil during a drought? a) (a) It becomes too wet b) (b) Useful microbes grow rapidly c) (c) It becomes too dry for growing crops d) (d) It is ready for cultivation 13) Useful microbes in the soil are killed during a drought, making the soil no longer fit for: a) (a) Water storage b) (b) Evaporation c) (c) Cultivation d) (d) Drinking water 14) What happens to plants due to lack of water in the soil during a drought? a) (a) They thrive b) (b) They dry up c) (c) They produce more flowers d) (d) They help conserve water 15) Due to continuous evaporation and no way to recharge, the water in ponds and lakes often: a) (a) Increases in level b) (b) Becomes cleaner c) (c) Becomes highly contaminated d) (d) Dries up completely 16) What is a key precaution mentioned for droughts? a) (a) Waste water b) (b) Stress on conservation of water by rainwater harvesting c) (c) Build reservoirs only near the ocean d) (d) Cut down trees near water sources 17) What should be built to store water during droughts? a) (a) Roads and bridges b) (b) Houses on high points c) (c) Reservoirs and water tanks d) (d) Shopping malls 18) Planting more trees near water sources helps to avoid what? a) (a) Contamination of water b) (b) Spread of diseases c) (c) Evaporation of water d) (d) Soil erosion 19) A major effect of drought is the shortage in the availability of: a) (a) Crops b) (b) Useful microbes c) (c) Drinking water d) (d) Lakes and rivers 20) People drinking contaminated water due to scarcity during a drought causes: a) (a) Water conservation b) (b) Water-borne diseases to spread c) (c) More plant growth d) (d) Evaporation to stop 21) What is the molten rock beneath the Earth's surface called? a) (a) Lava b) (b) Vent c) (c) Magma d) (d) Ash 22) A vent or opening in the surface of Earth through which lava, ash, rock, and gases erupt is called a: a) (a) Flood b) (b) Drought c) (c) Reservoir d) (d) Volcano 23) On cooling, what do the lava and ash solidify and form? a) (a) A plain landscape b) (b) A conical mountain c) (c) A deep valley d) (d) A new ocean 24) Which type of volcano may erupt any time or has erupted in the recent past? a) (a) Active volcano b) (b) Dormant volcano c) (c) Extinct volcano d) (d) Old volcano 25) A volcano that has not erupted in a long time but has the possibility of eruption in the future is called: a) (a) Active b) (b) Extinct c) (c) Alive d) (d) Dormant 26) An extinct volcano has not erupted in the past how many years? a) (a) 100 b) (b) 1,000 c) (c) 10,000 d) (d) 100,000 27) What comes out during eruptions which causes acid rain? a) (a) Water and steam b) (b) Toxic gases and ash c) (c) Magma only d) (d) Rocks only 28) Volcanic eruptions can give rise to which other natural disasters? a) (a) Floods and droughts b) (b) Landslides and earthquakes c) (c) Cyclones and typhoons d) (d) Tsunamis and hurricanes 29) What is a key precaution for a volcanic eruption? a) (a) Go outside immediately b) (b) Do not listen to the radio/TV c) (c) Be prepared to evacuate immediately d) (d) Do not cover your skin, nose, eyes, and mouth 30) Before going outside during a volcanic ash fall, one should: a) (a) Expose all skin b) (b) Cover your skin, nose, eyes, and mouth c) (c) Go for a swim d) (d) Stay in the open 31) What is the definition of a landslide? a) (a) The movement of water down a slope. b) (b) The movement of rocks and debris down the slope of a mountain or hill. c) (c) The eruption of a volcano. d) (d) A major flood event. 32) Which of the following can trigger a landslide? a) (a) Heavy rainfall b) (b) Earthquake c) (c) Volcanic eruption d) (d) All of the above 33) Why do certain activities like earthquakes or human disturbances trigger landslides? a) (a) They cause the soil to become too wet. b) (b) They result in the loosening of rocks and soil. c) (c) They increase the wind speed. d) (d) They make the ground too cold. 34) What major reason is highlighted as a primary cause behind landslides? a) (a) Construction activities b) (b) Heavy winds c) (c) Deforestation d) (d) Flooding 35) How do tree roots help prevent landslides? a) (a) They absorb all the rainwater. b) (b) They make the slope steeper. c) (c) They bind the soil firmly. d) (d) They push rocks uphill. 36) What happens to soil in the absence of trees? a) (a) It becomes firmer. b) (b) It becomes loose and is easily removed by wind and floods. c) (c) It turns into rock. d) (d) It changes color. 37) What is one of the main effects of landslides? a) (a) They cause damage to property and lives. b) (b) They create new roads. c) (c) They improve electricity supply. d) (d) They help build new houses. 38) Which group of people are affected the most by landslides? a) (a) People living in cities. b) (b) People living near oceans. c) (c) People living in hilly areas. d) (d) People living in deserts. 39) In the event of a landslide, what becomes difficult via roads? a) (a) Providing medical help and assistance. b) (b) Driving to work. c) (c) Going on vacation. d) (d) Planting trees. 40) Landslides adversely affect various resources like: a) (a) Electricity and water supply. b) (b) Railway lines or road transport. c) (c) Both (a) and (b). d) (d) None of the above. 41) Landslides can also result in a change in the course of a river, which may lead to: a) (a) A decrease in water levels. b) (b) The formation of new islands. c) (c) Flooding. d) (d) A change in the river's temperature 42) Which precaution involves observing weather changes carefully? a) (a) Avoiding construction. b) (b) Being aware of the environment. c) (c) Planting trees. d) (d) Moving away from the path. 43) What should people listen to for warnings of heavy rainfall? a) (a) Ocean sounds b) (b) Local radio stations or news c) (c) Bird calls d) (d) Distant sirens 44) If you hear unusual sounds that might indicate moving debris, what should you do? a) (a) Run uphill immediately. b) (b) Wait to see what happens. c) (c) Move away quickly from the path of the landslide. d) (d) Start planting trees. 45) In relation to debris flow, where should you avoid? a) (a) Uphill areas b) (b) Mountain tops c) (c) Low-lying areas or valleys d) (d) Construction zones 46) What planting activity is recommended to control landslides? a) (a) Planting small bushes b) (b) Planting more and more trees c) (c) Planting flowers d) (d) Planting crops 47) Where should construction activities be avoided to prevent landslides? a) (a) In city centers b) (b) In areas prone to earthquakes c) (c) In hilly areas which are prone to landslides d) (d) Near rivers 48) Which of these is an organization that provides relief to people affected by natural disasters? a) (a) UNICEF b) (b) WHO c) (c) NDRF d) (d) All of the above 49) How else can people contribute to relief efforts besides donating money? a) (a) By avoiding the affected areas b) (b) By building new roads c) (c) By donating food and clothes d) (d) By observing the weather 50) According to the "GOLDEN TIP," what should we do to help people affected by natural disasters? a) (a) Go on vacation b) (b) Contribute to the relief funds c) (c) Ignore the news d) (d) Blame the government

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