affiliates - Local stations that carry programming from a national network while also producing some of their own content., big three networks - The original dominant American broadcast television networks, broadcast networks - Television networks that transmit programs over public airwaves to local affiliate stations, reaching a broad, general audience, gatekeeper - The media role in which outlets decide which news stories are covered, how long they are covered, and what information enters the public agenda., horse-race journalism - A style of political coverage that focuses on polling, trends, and who is winning or losing, rather than policy issues., investigative reporting - In-depth journalism that uncovers corruption, scandals, or abuses of power through extensive research and interviews, scorekeeper - The media role that tracks political reputations, candidates’ successes or failures,, watchdog - The media role of scrutinizing government officials, exposing wrongdoing, and keeping the public informed about abuses of power, confirmation bias - The tendency for individuals to seek out, interpret, and believe information that confirms their existing beliefs, consumer-driven media - Media outlets whose content is heavily shaped by what will attract viewers or clicks, often prioritizing sensational or entertaining stories, editorials - Opinion pieces written by editors or editorial boards that express a publication’s stance on political or social issues., fairness doctrine - A former FCC policy requiring broadcasters to present balanced and fair coverage of controversial public issues., mainstream media - Traditional media organizations that have broad reach and long-standing reputations (e.g., major newspapers, network TV)., narrowcasting - Media programming targeted at specific groups based on interests, ideology, or demographics., political analysis - Interpretation and explanation of political events, public policy, or election developments by experts or commentators., sound bites - Short, memorable clips of speech designed to be easily aired by the media—often oversimplifying complex issues.,

Chapter 20: Media

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