When do we use defining relative clauses? - To give essential information that identifies the noun. No commas., When do we use non-defining relative clauses? - To give extra, non-essential information. Always use commas., Can we use that in non-defining clauses? - No. Only who and which are allowed., When can we omit the relative pronoun? - In defining clauses when the pronoun is the object. (e.g. The woman (who) I met yesterday), Can we omit the pronoun in non-defining clauses? - No. Omitting is never allowed., Correct or incorrect? The book, that I bought yesterday, is great. - Incorrect. Should be: The book, which I bought yesterday, is great., The man ___ lives next door is an architect. (who / whom / that) - who or that (subject → cannot use whom), The woman ___ I was talking to is my boss. (who / whom / that) - who / whom / that (object position), What is the formal version of: He is someone who I can rely on. - He is someone on whom I can rely., Can where be replaced by preposition + which? - Yes. The city where I grew up → The city in which I grew up., Identify the type: My brother, who lives in Canada, is visiting next month. - Non-defining (extra info, commas), Correct or incorrect: The project which we started last month has been cancelled. - Correct (defining clause, pronoun cannot be omitted? Actually, yes: The project we started last month…),

10.1 Relative clauses

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