The end of the Second World War in Europe brought high hopes for a future of peace and prosperity. The Allies joined together to form the ____, a new international organization to replace the failed League of Nations. To promote cooperation between the world's Superpowers and plan for the post-war future, the leaders of the Big Three, the United States, the Soviet Union, and ____ held two conferences, at Yalta and ____. At the Yalta Conference, Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and ____, the leaders of the Big Three, agreed on two important principles for post-war Europe. First, ____ would be divided into four occupation zones. Second, since the ____ had occupied all of Eastern Europe, Stalin agreed to allow free elections in the areas under his control. At the Potsdam Conference, these principles were confirmed. However, the wartime alliance against Nazi Germany quickly began to break apart after VE Day. Stalin had not kept his promise and no elections were permitted in occupied Eastern Europe. An American diplomat, George Kennan, sent a famous message to the State Department explaining that the ____ was a threat. This message is known as the Long Telegram and the strategy that would guide the United States for the next fifty years was ____. At around the same time, the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, ____, delivered a famous speech at Westminster College in Missouri. In this speech, he warned that an "____" had fallen across Europe. It was clear that, while World War II had ended, a ____ had begun. The first real challenge for the United States was centered on Greece and Turkey in 1946. Communism seemed to be expanding and the United Kingdom, which had been supporting the Greeks and Turks, could no longer afford to do so. President Truman committed the United States to containing the spread of ____ and announced the ____. This policy promised aid to any European country resisting Communist aggression. The U.S. faced further challenges resulting from the dismal state of the ____ economy. Cities and transportation networks were heavily damaged by the war and many people suffered from unemployment and homelessness. Truman's Secretary of State, ____, feared that this economic crisis might lead the voters in Europe to vote for ____ in their upcoming elections. As a result of this economic crisis, Marshall proposed what became known as the ____. The United States committed to provide ____ aid to any nation in Europe damaged by the war, no strings attached. This was a great success, leading to strong economic growth in post-war Europe. The future of Germany became a major point of tension in U.S. relations with the Soviets. While the Soviets demanded that Germany be reunified as a demilitarized and neutral country, the U.S. feared this would pave the way for the spread of ____. Therefore, the U.S., U.K., and ____ moved forward with plans to unify their three occupation zones. In response, Stalin ordered the closing of all land and water transportation links with occupied Berlin, starting the ____. The U.S. and U.K. responded to this Soviet provocation by launching an operation known as the ____. The Americans and British flew supplies in to Berlin for the next year, culminating in Stalin reopening the city of Berlin. Once again, the U.S. had stopped the spread of communism. However, the increasing tensions between East and West led the U.S. to forming a new military alliance to resist communist expansion. This alliance was known as ____. In a few years, the Soviets responded with a military alliance of their own, the ____. The Cold War turned hot for the first time in 1950, but not in Europe. ____, a satellite state of the U.S.S.R., invaded ____, a client of the U.S. With the backing of the ____, the U.S. led a coalition to prevent the spread of communism. The war ended in 1953 with an armistice, which established the DMZ as a boundary between the two Koreas. This war was the first of many ____, conflicts in which the U.S. and U.S.S.R. stood on opposing sides, but did not fight each other directly. Another proxy war erupted in Southeast Asia, when ____, a communist state, launched an insurgency against ____, a capitalist state. The insurgent group was known as the ____, which waged a guerilla war trying to spread communism. The United States helped their ally to resist the spread of communism. The war became very costly for the U.S., and it became increasingly ____ among the American people. While there were many proxy wars during the Cold War, the last of the most consequential proxy wars was the ____-Soviet War. The Soviet Union invaded in 1979, leading to a war that many referred to as the Soviet Union's "Vietnam War," because it became ____. This conflict greatly weakened the Soviet Union, and is viewed by many historians as one of the key factors in the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the end of the Cold War.

USS9.2 Cold War Fill-In

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