1) The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin, its functions, and diseases is a) anatomy b) histology c) dermatology d) physiology 2) layer of the epidermis forms fingerprints and is only located on the palms of hands and soles of the feet, and digits a) stratum lucidum b) stratum spinosum c) stratum corneum d) stratum germinativum 3) What gives the body smoothness and contour while providing a protective cushion for the skin? a) arrector pili muscles b) subcutaneous (fatty) tissue c) dermal papillae d) keratin 4) The layer of skin that is seen and treated by the cosmetologist is the . a) stratum corneum b) melanin c) keratin d) stratum spinosum 5) What is a fibrous protein that is the principal component of hair and nails? a) keratin b) dermal papillae c) elastin d) collagen 6) Nerve fibers that send messages to the central nervous system and brain to react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, pain are called _______.  a) sensory nerve fibers b) motor nerve fibers c) secretory nerve fibers d) autonomic nerve fibers 7) Which nerve fibers in the skin stimulate muscles? a) sensory nerve fibers b) motor nerve fibers c) secretory nerve fibers d) autonomic nerve fibers 8) Melanin a) fibrous, connective tissue that is made from protein that gives the skin form and strength b) fatty or oily substance that lubricates the skin c) tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes d) the fibrous protein of the cells 9) Eumelanin a) dark brown to black and tends to have cooler skin tones b) red to yellow and tends to have rosy skin c) both d) neither 10) The melanin produced by the body that is red to yellow in color is a) granular melanin b) eumelanin c) pheomelanin d) photovoltaic 11) helps protect sensitive cells from UV rays. a) Elastin b) Keratin c) Sebum d) melanin 12) A broad-spectrum sunscreen is one that a) supplements the skin with vitamin D and other actives b) provides protection for all skin tones c) protects the skin in a wide range of weather conditions d) has been shown to protect against UVA and UVB radiation from the sun 13) What causes wrinkles or sagging skin? a) the inability of sudoriferous glands to eliminate waste products from the skin b) collagen fibers lose their strength due to exposure to UV light c) the barrier function allowing too much skin moisture to be lost by water evaporation d) the sebaceous glands secreting too little sebum due to emotional stress 14) Which two structures give the skin strength, form, and flexibility? a) dermis and epidermis b) pheomelanin and eumelanin c) collagen and elastin d) keratin and melanocytes 15) What is the function of elastin? a) It determines the depth and tone of an individual’s skin, hair, and eye color. b) It gives the skin flexibility and elasticity. c) It lubricates the skin and preserves hair’s softness. d) It gives the skin form and strength. 16) Wanda’s skin has recently been experiencing a significant number of new wrinkles. What could explain these new wrinkles? a) Wanda has recently been working at an outdoor job that requires frequent exposure to very cold temperatures, which weakens collagen fibers. b) Wanda has started swimming frequently, which over moisturizes the skin and stimulates the arrector pili muscles. c) Wanda has been using a new brand of shower gel that has changed the average pH of the skin’s acid mantle. d) Wanda is taking a new prescription drug that stimulates the sudoriferous glands’ activity, causing excessive excretion of sweat. 17) What is the function of sebaceous glands? a) to secrete oil to lubricate the skin b) to produce the skin pigment melanin c) to excrete sweat to regulate body temperature and eliminate waste products d) to keep the skin moist by preventing water evaporation 18) What is the function of sudoriferous glands? a) to produce the skin pigment melanin  b) to secrete oil to lubricate the skin  c) to keep the skin moist by preventing water evaporation d) to excrete sweat to regulate body temperature and eliminate waste products 19) Lately, a client has noticed body sweat much more than typical in the past. Which situation could explain this increased perspiration? a) The client has allowed the hair to grow longer than the usual hairstyle. b) The client started using a new oil-based nail polish. c) The client is taking a new prescription drug. d) The client is using sunscreen with sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher. 20) Which example illustrates the skin’s heat regulation function? a) The barrier function prevents water evaporation. b) Sudoriferous glands excrete perspiration c) Melanocytes produce melanin. d) Sebaceous glands secrete sebum. 21) All of the following describe a defense mechanism the skin uses to protect the body EXCEPT: a) The hydrolipidic film prevents the skin from drying out b) Sebum secreted by the sebaceous glands protects from external dangers, such as bacteria invasion. c) The pH of the acid mantle protects from pathogens. d) Hair follicles pull bacteria from the surface of the skin. 22) Water is the number one nutrient of the body and composes what percentage of the body’s skin? a) 10 to 30 percent b) 50 to 70 percent c) 30 to 50 percent d) 70 to 90 percent 23) Water loss through perspiration is an example of which function of the skin? a) excretion b) absorption c) secretion d) protection 24) Which is a reasonable prediction of an outcome for a client who does not use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher? a) Collagen and elastin fibers will weaken, and the client’s skin will age prematurely. b) Sebum on the epidermis will dry up, allowing for bacteria to penetrate the epidermis. c) The skin’s hydrolipidic film will break down and allow pathogens to penetrate the dry skin. d) The client will be susceptible to Sensory Processing Disorder, causing a lack of tolerance to hot and cold sensations on the skin.

Skin Structure and Growth

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