1) children are more academically successful when new learning builds on their prior knowledge, experiences, and interest a) True b) False 2) Cultural responsiveness only refers to knowing children's home languages a) True b) False 3) Educators need self-knowledge, cultural knowledge, linguistic knowledge, culturally informed teaching knowledge, and knowledge of multicultural materials to teach in diverse classrooms a) True b) False 4) Families can easily tell when teacher engagement is genuine or superficial a) True b) False 5) Representative should only be included if there are children from that culture in the class a) True b) False 6) Dynamic assessment is more culturally fair than one-time screenings a) True b) False 7) Te Whāriki places Māori concepts of the child and whanau at the centre of assessment practices a) True b) False 8) One-off language screenings are a highly reliable predictor of children's later performance a) True b) False 9) In culturally responsive teaching, learning should connect to children's cultural identities, experiences, and ways of knowing a) True b) False 10) Rahmat's story demonstrates the importance of accessing home-language speakers during assessment a) True b) False 11) Literacy involves only reading and writing a) True b) False 12) The literacy environment plays a major role in children's early language development a) True b) False 13) The Hanen Centre emphasizes parent involvement as essential to early language a) True b) False 14) Critical thinking skills include explain, evaluate, predict, project, and problem solve a) True b) False 15) Encouraging children to predict what might happen next in a story supports literacy development a) True b) False 16) The Hanen Approach was created in the 1970s and initially focused on supporting parents of children with significant language delays and autism a) True b) False 17) Vocabulary development is unrelated to later reading comprehensions a) True b) False 18) Play-based learning can be used to build literacy for all children, including those with language delays and autism a) True b) False 19) The SSTaRS program focuses on supporting vocabulary development in preschool-aged children a) True b) False 20) Encouraging pretend roles supports children's ability to project and develop social thinking a) True b) False 21) Simultaneous bilinguals acquire two languages at the same time from birth or early infancy a) True b) False 22) Sequential bilinguals are exposed to a second language only after establishing the first langauge a) True b) False 23) Mixing languages between 12-30 months is a sign of confusion and indicates a language delay a) True b) False 24) By around 2.5 years, children learning two languages simultaneously can separate the two languages simultaneously can separate the two languages a) True b) False 25) Learning two languages increases the risk of language delay or language disorder a) True b) False 26) If a child has a true language disorder, both languages will be affected a) True b) False 27) Bilingualism is associated with increased metalinguistic awareness and improved executive function a) True b) False 28) Which best describes simultaneous bilingualism? a) Learning two languages but only speaking one b) being exposed to two languages from birth or early infancy 29) Which is a characteristic of sequential bilingualism? a) Child mixes languages from birth b) L2 is introduced after L1 is established 30) The "critical period" generally refers to ease of learning: a) Phonology b) Pragmatics 31) Slower lexical access in bilinguals means: a) Bilinguals take longer to retreive words in each language b) Bilinguals have a disorder 32) Subtractive bilingualism refers to a) improving both languages b) losing the first language when learning the second 33) Semantic development refers to a) The acquisition of words and meanings b) Learning grammar rules 34) The semantic feature approach suggests that a) concepts are defined by a set of features b) words are learned by imitation only 35) whole object bias means that children a) assume a word refers to an object as a whole b) each object has only one label 36) which strategy supports children's ability to predict? a) Asking how? b) asking what? 37) in Hart and Risley's research - it focused on a) kindergarten readiness assessments b) the impact of vocabulary exposure on children's everyday experiences 38) When planning curriculum in Te Whāriki, educators ask: a) what do we believe about young children and their learning b) what tests should we administer weekly 39) children whose native language contains difficult sounds and complex phonological rules learn to speak somewhat later than others a) True b) False 40) Studies of 4 year olds have shown that children this young will speak to 2 year olds, to each other, and to adults in the same way a) True b) False 41) Preschoolers' langauge is often called egocentric because they talk mostly about things that refer only to themselves a) True b) False 42) Communicative competence is about how language works in interactions with families peers, teachers and others a) True b) False 43) Which Hanen program focuses on building vocabulary through repeated exposure and rich conversation? a) SSTaRs program b) None, it does not exist 44) What are the benefits to the Hanen Approach (parent-mediated) a) Teaching parents how to be effective parents b) Supports social communciation, strengthens parent-child interactions and build language naturally 45) A rich environment builds... a) language and literacy exposure daily b) Supporting children using media and technology 46) By the time they are six months old, babies have already begun to categorize the sounds of their own language a) True b) False 47) Typically developing children in every part of the world acquire the major components of their language by the time they are 3 or 4 a) True b) False 48) Children who are bilingual may have some advantage in the acquisition of metalinguistic skills a) True b) False 49) Very young children in the one-word stage are more likely to refer to objects that are stationary than to objects that move a) True b) False 50) A child exposed to a large quantity of adult-to-adult speech will learn language at a faster rate than a child who is exposed to a large quantity of direct adult-to-child speech a) True b) False 51) The earliest speech sounds produced by infants include vowels and consonantal sounds produced at the back of the mouth such as k/ and /g/ a) True b) False 52) Most children enter the two-word stage when they are 3 years old a) True b) False 53) Preschoolers' language is often called egocentric because they talk mostly about things that refer only to themselves a) True b) False 54) Communicative competence is about how language works in interactions with families, peers, teachers, and others a) True b) False 55) Children raised in bilingual households retain the ability to discriminate sound differences in the first language and the second language while monolingual children only retain this ability for the fist languageno a) True b) False 56) Bilinguals have an advantage of being able to access the meaning of words in their memory faster than monolinguals can a) True b) False 57) The semantic feature approach suggest that a) concepts are defined by a set of features b) words are learned by imitation only 58) By age three, 90% of a child's vocabulary comes from their parents a) True b) False 59) Hart and Risley studied word frequency in TV programs a) True b) False 60) The 30 million word gap showed differences by socioeconomic status a) True b) False

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