Who did the Northern Democrats nominate in the Election of 1860, and what position did they support regarding slavery in the territories? - Northern Democrats nominated Stephen A. Douglas and supported popular sovereignty., Who did the Southern Democrats nominate in 1860, and what region of the country most supported him? - Southern Democrats nominated John C. Breckinridge, supported mostly by the Deep South., What was the Republican Party’s position on slavery in the Election of 1860? - The Republican Party opposed the extension of slavery into the territories but promised not to interfere with slavery in the states., How did Abraham Lincoln win the presidency with only 40% of the popular vote? - Lincoln won because he carried the North and the West, allowing him to win the Electoral College despite receiving only 40% of the popular vote., List the four major candidates in the Election of 1860 and the percentage of the popular vote each received. - Abraham Lincoln: 40%, Stephen A. Douglas: 30%, John C. Breckinridge: 18% , John Bell: 12%, Why were Southern leaders outraged by Lincoln’s election, and what nickname did they give him? - Southern leaders believed Lincoln threatened slavery and called him a “black Republican.”, Which state was the first to secede from the Union, and when did it happen? - South Carolina was the first state to secede in December 1860., Where did Southern leaders meet to form the Confederate States of America, and who became their president? - They met in Montgomery, Alabama in February 1861 and selected Jefferson Davis as president of the Confederate States of America., In Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address, what did he pledge regarding slavery in the states where it already existed? - Lincoln pledged not to interfere with slavery where it already existed., What did Lincoln promise to enforce, even though he opposed the expansion of slavery? - Lincoln promised to enforce federal laws, including the Federal Fugitive Slave Law., How did Lincoln describe secession in his Inaugural Address, and what oath did he vow to uphold? - Lincoln said secession was illegal and vowed to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution., The first attack in the Civil War, often called the :first shots fired," happened where? - Charleston, South Carolina, What event marked the beginning of the Civil War, and what was the outcome for the fort? - The Civil War began when Southern guns bombarded Fort Sumter, forcing the fort to surrender., How many people died during the bombardment of the fort? - Zero people died during the bombardment., What unusual detail is often mentioned about the casualties at the fort? - The only casualty was a horse., How much of the United States did the North retain control of at the start of the Civil War? - The North retained control of more than two-thirds of the states., How many free states remained loyal to the Union? - The Union had 19 free states., Name the four border states that stayed in the Union. - The four border states that stayed with the Union were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri., What was the population of the North compared to the South at the start of the Civil War, and how many of the South’s population were enslaved? - The North’s population totaled 22 million, while the South had 9 million, of which 4 million were slaves., What percentage of the nation’s industry did the North retain, and what types of factories and mills were included? How did the South compare? - The North retained 90% of the nation’s industry, including textile factories, iron and steel mills, and armament plants, while the South had few factories and relied mostly on imported goods., How many miles of railroad did the North have compared to the South, and what branch of the military did the North control? - The North contained over 20,000 miles of railroad, double that of the South, and maintained control of the Navy., How many states made up the South, and what was notable about its geography? - The South consisted of 11 states and was geographically compact., What type of war was the South fighting, and how did this benefit them? - The South was fighting a defensive war, which allowed them to know their own terrain and maintain shorter lines of communication., Which notable military leaders remained loyal to the South? - The South retained the loyalty of commanders including Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson and Robert E. Lee., How did the South’s lifestyle prepare its soldiers for war compared to Northern factory workers? - The South’s outdoor life of riding and hunting made them better prepared for the hardships of being a soldier than Northern factory workers., Which countries were friendly to the South, and why did they depend on Southern goods? - Britain and France were friendly to the South because they depended on imports of Southern cotton.,

Civil War

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