Arabia - Peninsula in Southwest Asia where Islam first began, caliph - Arabic word for “successor”; term for the leaders of the Islamic community and empire after the death of Muhammad, conquest - Taking control of a place or people by military force, convert - To change from one way of being or thinking to another, especially in religion, cultural exchange - The sharing goods, ideas, practices, or technologies between people from two or more different cultural groups, empire - A large area of land under the control of a single government, usually with a single leader such as an emperor, expansion - To grow; in the case of nations, for a nation to add more territory to itself, Five Pillars of Islam - The five main practices performed by the majority of Muslims around the world, Islam - The religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad that emerged in Arabia in the early 600s CE, jihad - Arabic word for “struggle”; the belief in Islam that a person should struggle to live according to the teachings of Islam (called the “greater jihad”) or that they should fight in defense of Islam against aggression (called the “lesser jihad”), Kaaba (Ka'bah) - The cube-shaped shrine in Mecca that Muslims are expected to pray in the direction of every day, Mecca - The city in Arabia where Muhammad was born and where the Kaaba is located, merchant - A person who buys and then resells goods to others for a living, Middle East - Term for the area of Southwest Asia that includes Arabia and the lands directly north of it, multicultural - When people from many different cultures exist in the same place together at the same time, Muhammad - The central figure in Islam, believed by Muslims to be the final prophet sent by God (called “Allah” in Arabic), Muslim - A person who practices the religion of Islam, pilgrimage - A journey made for religious reasons, prophet - A messenger sent by God with instructions for people regarding how to live a good life according to God’s teachings, Quran - The holy text of Islam that contains the revelations that Muslims believe Muhamamd received from God, revelation - A message that a person receives directly from a god, site of encounter - A place where people from different cultures meet and interact with each other, trade network - A system of trade routes that connect many different areas together, mosque - A building where Muslims perform prayer services,

KEY TERMS- Unit 5: Medieval Islam

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