Direct Lobbying - A strategy in which interest group representatives communicate directly with policymakers—through meetings, testimony, or providing information—to influence legislation or government decisions., Endorsement  - A public statement of support for a candidate or policy issue by an interest group, organization, or influential individual, often used to signal to voters who they should support., Free-Rider - A person who benefits from the activities or achievements of an interest group without joining or contributing to it, common in groups working for public goods., Grassroots Lobbying - A strategy where an interest group mobilizes its members or the general public to contact government officials, often through emails, phone calls, protests, or social media campaigns, to influence policy., Iron Triangles - Stable, mutually beneficial relationships between interest groups, congressional committees, and bureaucratic agencies that work together to shape policy in a specific area., Issue Networks - Loose, temporary alliances of experts, interest groups, policymakers, academics, and media who come together to influence policy on a specific issue—more fluid and open than iron triangles., Lobbying - The process by which interest groups attempt to influence government officials—especially legislators—through communication, information, persuasion, or pressure., Lobbyist - A professional hired by an interest group, corporation, or organization to influence public policy through communication with lawmakers and government officials., Ideological Groups - Interest groups that focus on promoting a set of beliefs or an ideology (e.g., conservative, liberal, libertarian) rather than specific economic interests., Revolving Door - The movement of individuals between jobs in government and positions in interest groups or lobbying firms, raising concerns about favoritism or undue influence., Think Tanks - Research organizations that produce studies, data, reports, and policy recommendations to influence public debate and government decisions; often aligned with ideological or partisan viewpoints., Trade Associations - Interest groups that represent businesses within a particular industry (such as manufacturers, real estate, or pharmaceuticals) and advocate for policies that benefit that industry.,

Chapter 17 Vocab

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