Philosophy - The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and the mind — literally means “love of wisdom.”, Ethics - The branch of philosophy that asks what is right and wrong, and how people should live., Morality - Principles or rules about what is good or bad behaviour., Utilitarianism - The ethical theory that the best action is the one that produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people., Deontology - The belief that actions are right or wrong in themselves, not just because of their consequences (often linked to Immanuel Kant)., Virtue Ethics - The idea that being a good person is about developing good character and virtues rather than following rules., Consequentialism - The view that the moral value of an action depends entirely on its outcomes or results., Free will - The ability to make choices that are not determined by prior causes or divine intervention., Determinism - The belief that all events, including human actions, are caused by previous events and cannot be truly free., The Problem of Evil - The question of how a good and all-powerful God can allow suffering and evil to exist., The Teleological Argument - The argument that the world’s order and design show evidence of a purposeful Creator (also called the Design Argument)., The Cosmological Argument - The argument that everything has a cause, so there must be a first cause — often identified as God., Relativism - The idea that moral truths depend on culture, context, or individual perspective, rather than being absolute., Absolutism - The belief that there are fixed, universal moral rules that apply to all people at all times., Existentialism - A philosophy that focuses on individual freedom, choice, and the search for meaning in a seemingly meaningless world.,

Philosophy and Ethics

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