Software defined network (SDN) - an approach that separates a network's control and data planes, creating a programmable and centralized infrastructure. A central "SDN controller" acts as the network's "brain," managing traffic and making decisions from a single point, while the individual network devices (like switches) handle the forwarding of data based on instructions from the controller. This model offers increased flexibility, automation, and easier management compared to traditional networks where each device has its own control plane, software defined wide area network (SD-WAN) - is a technology that uses software to simplify the management and operation of a wide area network (WAN). It connects users and branch sites to applications across multiple connection types, such as broadband, 5G, and MPLS. SD-WAN uses a centralized control to intelligently and securely steer traffic, which can improve performance, increase reliability, and lower costs compared to traditional WANs., Application aware - intelligently iden fies applications and can prioritize traffic ic based on business requirements, ensuring critical applications, Zero touch provisioning - feature allows for the remote deployment of network devices with minimal manual intervention., Transport agnostic - SD-WAN is flexible with the type of connectivity it uses, whether it's MPLS, broadband, LTE, or a combination, allowing for cost eftective and reliable internet access from different service providers., Central policy management - enables network administrators to set policies that manage and configure all SD-WAN devices across the network from a single interface, enhancing security and efficiency., Playbooks/templates/reuseable tasks - define and orchestrate the steps needed for infrastructure setup, modification, and management. These elements are critical for ensuring that infrastructure deployment is repeatable and scalable., Configuration drift/compliance - helps prevent configuration drift, which occurs when the environment’s current state deviates from its intended state due to manual changes or updates., upgrades - upgrades to infrastructure can be managed systematically through code revisions. This method ensures that upgrades are less disruptive and that all changes are version controlled and reversible., Dynamic inventories - where infrastructure resources are automatically discovered and managed based on real-time data. This flexibility is essential for managing environments that need to adjust quickly to changing demands or configurations., Source control - integral to the Infrastructure as Code paradigm, providing a system for tracking changes, collaborating, and maintaining the integrity of code that defines infrastructure., Version control - keep track of every modification to the code in a special kind of database., central repository - in source control systems acts as the single source of truth for all code changes, allowing team members to collaborate effectively, accessing and updating code securely and efficiently., Conflict identification - Source control systems automatically detect conflicts when multiple team members make changes to the same part of the code. This feature is crucial for preventing overwrites and ensuring that all changes are reconciled before code is merged., Branching - feature of source control that allows developers to diverge from the main line of development and continue to work independently without affecting others’ work.This is particularly useful for developing new features, fixing bugs, or experimenting in a controlled environment., Mitigating address exhaustion - IPv6 addresses the limitations of IPv4, including address exhaustion, by providing an almost limitless pool of IP addresses., Tunneling - in IPv6 is a method used to transmit IPv6 packets over an existing IPv4 network infrastructure., Dual stack - refers to a network configuration where devices run both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols simultaneously., NAT 64 - network address translation technology that facilitates communication between IPv6 and IPv4 devices. It translates IPv6 addresses into IPv4 addresses and vice versa,,

1.8 Modern networks

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