Mesh - network setup where each node connects directly to an arbitrary number of other nodes, creating a network with no central connecting point. ensures high availability and redundancy because if any one link fails, data can be rerouted through multiple alternative paths., Hybrid - combines two or more different topologies to form a resultant topology that leverages the advantages and mitigates the disadvantages of the constituent topologies, Star/hub and spoke - all nodes are connected to a central node or hub, Spine and leaf - two-layer network topology that is highly scalable and minimizes latency by ensuring that every leaf switch (access layer) is separated by no more than two switches from any other leaf switch, point to point - a direct connec on between two networking devices, typically using a single cable or wireless link., Three tier hierarchical model - core, distribution, access, core - backbone of the network, handling high-speed packet switching across the entire network., distribution - acts as the intermediary between the core and access layers, managing routing, filtering, and WAN access., Access - network’s point of entry for devices and end users, connecting them to the network., Collapsed core - merges the core and distribution layers into a single layer, simplifying the network design and reducing hardware costs., Traffic flows - North/south and east/west, North/south - describes the flow of network traffic between the data center and the outside world, East/West - Refers to the traffic flow within the data center,, Network topology - the arrangement of a computer network's components, like nodes (computers, routers, etc.) and connections, which determines how data flows between devices,

1.6 Network topologies

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