During a busy shift in A&E, 33-year-old paramedic Rachel treated a patient who had fallen off a bike and arrived with a deep graze on his forearm. The body’s ____ defences were already at work. His ____, normally a barrier to penetration, had been broken—so ____ began immediately to seal the site and prevent further ____ entry. As Rachel cleaned the wound, she explained how ____ was helping by bringing white blood cells to fight infection. The patient had also developed a mild fever, which created conditions ____ favourable for pathogen growth. Inside his airways, ____ was trapping microbes, and any swallowed pathogens were being destroyed by ____. Rachel reassured him that enzymes like ____ in his ____ and saliva were helping break down bacteria, while his complement system—proteins in the blood—was alerting his immune system and triggering expulsive reflexes like ____ to clear out invaders

Primary non specific defences against disease

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