802.11 standards - set of protocols for wireless local area network, cellular - uses a network of cell sites, each covering a specific area known as cell sites, Satellite - uses satellites orbiting earth to relay data. Internet via satellite dish installed at home, 802.3 standards - also known as Ethernet, defines the protocols for wired LAN (Local Area Network) technology,, Single mode fiber - designed for long-distance communication, using a single strand of glass fiber with a small diameter. minimizes attenuation and dispersion over distances, making it suitable for high-speed, high-bandwidth transmissions over lengths of up to several kilometers without the need for signal repeaters, Multi mode fiber - larger diameter fibers that allow multiple modes of light to propagate simultaneously, making it suitable for short-distance transmission of data.typically used within buildings or in campus networks, supporting data rates at shorter distances, Direct attach copper (DAC) cable - short- range connections between networking equipment. They offer a cost-effective, low-power alternative for close-range connectivity., Twinaxial cable - used in data centers for high- speed short-distance copper 10 Gigabit or 40 Gigabit Ethernet connections.shielded against emi, Coaxial cables - type of electrical cable consisting of a central conductor, insulating layer, metallic shield, and plastic jacket, used for transmitting television, satellite, and broadband internet signals., cable speeds - Cat 5 has a max speed of 100 Mbps, Cat 5e supports 1 Gbps (1000 Mbps), Cat 6 also supports 1 Gbps but can handle 10 Gbps up to 55 meters, and Cat 6a supports 10 Gbps over the full 100 meters., plenum cables - designed to resist fire and emit low smoke when exposed to flame, making them safe for use in the air spaces of buildings., non plenum cables - less expensive but produce more toxic fumes when burned and are typically used where they are not exposed to circulating air ducts., Protocol - transceivers must support the network protocols, ethernet - data transmitted over Lan, Fibre channel (FC) - High speed up to 16Gbps, Small form factor pluggable (SFP) - compact hot pluggable network interface module, Quad small form factor pluggable (QSFP) - supports 4 times the bandwidth, ideal for high speeds.,

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