1) What does HTR stand for a) Hemolytic transfusion reaction b) Hemoglobin transfer reaction c) Hemolytic transfer reaction 2)  When does an Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (AHTR) usually occur? a) Within minutes to 24 hours after a blood transfusion. b) Days to weeks (usually 3–14 days) a 3) What is the most common cause of AHTR? a) ABO incompatibility between donor and recipient blood. b) Anamnestic immune response 4) When does a Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR) typically occur? a) Days to weeks (usually 3–14 days) after transfusion. b) Within minutes to 24 hours after a blood transfusio 5) What causes a DHTR? a) An anamnestic immune response to a non-ABO antigen from prior exposure (transfusion or pregnancy). b) Hypertension and tachycardia 6) What are some signs and symptoms of AHTR a) Hypotension, tachycardia, dyspnea, chest pain b) hypertension, Bradycardia, numbness in lower extremities 7) what are some signs and symptoms of DHTR a) Unexplained drop in hemoglobin, mild fever, jaundice, positive Coombs (antiglobulin) test b) Flank or back pain, hemoglobinuria, chest pain, shock 8) What is the first nursing action when a transfusion reaction is suspected? a) Continue transfusion and monitor vitals closely b) Stop the transfusion immediately. 9) After stopping the transfusion, what should you do with the IV line? a) Maintain IV access with normal saline using new tubing. b) Notify the healthcare provider and the blood bank 10) Why must vital signs and urine output be monitored closely? a) To detect progression toward shock or renal failure. b) To identify any clerical or labeling errors  11) Why must vital signs and urine output be monitored closely? a) To detect progression toward shock or renal failure. b) To identify any clerical or labeling errors  12) Which laboratory test is most specific for confirming a hemolytic transfusion reaction? a) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) b) Direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test c) Prothrombin time (PT) d) Serum creatinine 13) Which laboratory test is most specific for confirming a hemolytic transfusion reaction? a) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) b) Direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test c) Prothrombin time (PT) d) Serum creatinine 14) Which laboratory test is most specific for confirming a hemolytic transfusion reaction? a) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) b) Direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test c) Prothrombin time (PT) d) Serum creatinine 15) In a patient with a hemolytic transfusion reaction, which bilirubin fraction is typically elevated? a) Conjugated (direct) bilirubin b) Total bilirubin only c) Unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin d) Delta bilirubin 16) Which laboratory enzyme is commonly elevated due to red blood cell destruction in hemolysis? a) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) b) Amylase c) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 17) What triggers a hemolytic transfusion reaction? a) Formation of antibodies against donor red blood cell antigens b) Allergic reaction to plasma proteins  18) What immune mechanism is primarily responsible for red blood cell destruction in acute hemolytic transfusion reactions? a) Complement activation leading to intravascular hemolysis b) Phagocytosis by neutrophils in the lungs c) Cell-mediated immunity  19) Why is oxygen therapy administered during a hemolytic transfusion reaction? a) To promote diuresis b) To prevent fluid overload c) To improve tissue oxygenation and combat hypoxia d) To reduce antibody production 20) In managing a severe hemolytic transfusion reaction, which of the following is the most critical nursing goal? a) Maintain normothermia b) Preserve renal function and prevent shock c) Promote rest and comfort d) Increase dietary iron intake 21) Why is crossmatching and antibody screening done before transfusion? a) To ensure compatibility and detect unexpected antibodies b) To reduce blood viscosity c) To prevent febrile reaction  22) What is the most effective way to prevent hemolytic transfusion reactions before starting a transfusion? a) Administer the transfusion slowly b) Perform two-nurse verification of the patient and blood product c) Warm the blood product before infusion 23) Oliguria and rising creatinine after a transfusion may indicate: a) Acute kidney injury from hemoglobin blocking renal tubules b) Overhydration c) Dehydration 24) Dyspnea and chest pain during a transfusion most likely result from: a) Vascular congestion and inflammatory response b) Hypoglycemia c) Pulmonary embolism

Hemolytic transfusion reaction

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