1) Which of the following is NOT a factor of soil formation? a) Parent material b) Climate c) Pressure d) Time 2) Parent material primarily influences which soil property? a) Soil texture b) Soil temperature c) Soil moisture d) Soil color 3) What is the term for soil formed at the place of its origin? a) Colluvial soil b) Residual soil c) Alluvial soil d) Eolian soil 4) Transported soil moved by gravity is known as: a) Colluvial soil b) Alluvial soil c) Glacial soil d) Marine soil 5) Soils transported by water are called: a) Eolian b) Alluvial c) Colluvial d) Glacial 6) In Malaysia, different soil types result mainly from the interaction between: a) Parent material, climate, and time b) Rock type only c) Human activity only d) Ocean currents 7) The most influential factor of soil formation is: a) Time b) Biota c) Climate d) Topography 8) For every 10°C increase in temperature, biochemical reaction rates: a) Remain constant b) Decrease by half c) Double d) Triple 9) In arid regions, soluble salts tend to: a) Be leached out b) Accumulate in soil c) Decompose rapidly d) Convert to clay 10) Grassland soils typically have: a) Thin A horizon b) Thick A horizon c) No organic matter d) High acidity 11) The B horizon in forested soils is usually: a) Thin and dark b) Thick and rich in clay c) Absent d) Light-colored and shallow 12) Which factor describes the configuration and slope of land surface? a) Biota b) Time c) Climate d) Topography 13) In flat areas, soils generally have: a) Shallow profile and poor organic matter b) High organic matter and deep profile c) Rapid erosion and thin A horizon d) No horizon differentiation 14) Which process involves the downward removal of materials from a soil layer? a) Illuviation b) Eluviation c) Podzolization d) Salinization 15) The accumulation of salts in soil, common in arid regions, is called: a) Leaching b) Salinization c) Podzolization d) Synthesis

AGR231 CHAPTER 3

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