Extraneous variable - A variable other than the IV that may affect the DV if not controlled, Confounding variable - A variable that has actually affected the DV, making it unclear whether the IV caused the effect, Sample - A group selected from the population to participate in the study, Population - The entire group of people the researcher is interested in studying, Random allocation - A method of assigning participants to groups so each has an equal chance of being selected, Between-subject design - A research design where different participants are used in each condition, Within-subject design - A research design where the same participants are used in all conditions, Mixed-design - An experimental research plan that combines both a between-subjects factor and a within-subjects factor, Independent variable - The variable manipulated by the researcher, Dependent variable - The variable measured to assess the effect of the IV, Descriptive statistics - A method of summarising data using measures such as mean, median, and mode, Inferential statistics - A method of determining whether results are statistically significant, Generalisability - The extent to which results can be applied to other settings or populations, Validity  - The degree to which a study measures what it claims to measure, Reliability - The consistency of a measurement or result, Informed consent - The principle that participants must be fully informed and voluntarily agree to participate, Confidentiality - The principle that participants’ identities and data must be protected, Non-maleficence - The principle that participants must not be exposed to unnecessary harm, Debriefing - A brief explanation of the study’s purpose and any deception used, given after participation, Reproducibility - The ability for another researcher to use the same data and analysis method and get the same results., Replicability - The ability for another researcher to repeat the entire study (method, participants, conditions) and get similar results., Accuracy - How close a measurement is to the true or accepted value.,

Research Methods VCE Psychology (General)

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