1) What is the main function of the cardiovascular system? a) To produce energy in muscles b) To transport nutrients, gases, and waste products c) To protect the body from infection d) To regulate hormones 2) Which organ acts as the central pump of the cardiovascular system? a) Brain b) Lung c) Heart d) Liver 3) What is the pericardium? a) The main artery of the body b) The outer muscular layer of the heart c) A double-walled sac enclosing the heart d) A valve that prevents backflow of blood 4) What is the function of pericardial fluid? a) To carry oxygen to tissues b) To reduce friction between heart layers during contractions c) To thicken the heart wall d) To pump blood through the heart 5) Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for contractions? a) Endocardium b) Myocardium c) Epicardium d) Pericardium 6) Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body? a) Left atrium b) Left ventricle c) Right atrium d) Right ventricle 7) Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood to the body? a) Left ventricle b) Right ventricle c) Left atrium d) Right atrium 8) The tricuspid valve is located between which two chambers? a) Right atrium and right ventricle b) Left atrium and left ventricle c) Right ventricle and left atrium d) Left ventricle and aorta 9) Which of the following prevents blood from flowing backward into the heart? a) Veins b) Valves c) Arteries d) Capillaries 10) What is the main function of pulmonary circulation? a) To deliver oxygen to body tissues b) To supply oxygenated blood to the heart c) To exchange gases between blood and lungs d) To transport hormones 11) Systemic circulation carries blood from: a) Right ventricle → lungs → left atrium b) Left ventricle → body → right atrium c) Right atrium → lungs → left ventricle d) Left atrium → lungs → right ventricle 12) Coronary circulation provides: a) Blood to the lungs b) Blood to the heart muscle itself c) Blood to the digestive organs d) Blood to the brain 13) What is the role of the sinoatrial (SA) node? a) It pumps blood to the lungs b) It acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart c) It records electrical activity d) It controls valve movement 14) What is measured by an electrocardiogram (ECG)? a) Blood flow rate b) Electrical activity of the heart c) Blood pressure d) Heart chamber size 15) During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the heart fill with blood? a) Systole b) Diastole c) Contraction d) Excitation 16) Normal blood pressure is approximately: a) 100/70 mmHg b) 130/90 mmHg c) 150/100 mmHg d) 120/80 mmHg 17) What does stroke volume represent? a) Amount of blood pumped per minute b) Number of heartbeats per minute c) Amount of blood ejected per beat d) Pressure in the arteries 18) Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying: a) Stroke volume × heart rate b) Heart rate × blood pressure c) Stroke volume × blood pressure d) Ventricular volume × oxygen uptake 19) Which nervous system slows down the heart rate? a) Sympathetic nervous system b) Parasympathetic nervous system c) Somatic nervous system d) Central nervous system 20) According to the Frank-Starling mechanism, an increase in end-diastolic volume (EDV) results in: a) Decreased heart contraction b) More forceful ventricular contraction c) Lower cardiac output d) Reduced venous return

Anatomy & Physiology: Cardiovascular system

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