Fertility rate - Average number of children per woman., Life expectancy - Average number of years people live., Population momentum - Continued growth in human numbers even when birth rates fall., Demographic transition - Shift from high birth/death rates to low ones., Policy reversal - When government changes its course of action on an issue., Urbanisation - Movement of people to cities and development of city centres., Incentive - A reward offered to change behaviour., Longevity - Length or duration of life., Replacement level - The fertility rate needed to maintain population (≈2.1)., Migration - Movement of people between countries., Inequality - Uneven distribution of wealth or opportunity., Ageing population - More elderly, fewer young people., Economic development - The growth of wealth and industry., Correlation - A connection between two phenomena., Facilitate a discussion - Help a group exchange ideas effectively., Show active listening - “So, if I understood you correctly, you’re saying that … .”, Push the conversation deeper - “That’s interesting — what do you think caused that change?”, Build on a classmate’s point - "Adding to what you said, another factor could be …”, Express cause and effect clearly - "Because of X,..." / "As a result of Y..." / "Z led to...", Summarise or close the discussion - "So overall..." / "To sum up..." / "It seems like...",

Global Population, Policy & Discussion

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