12 bar Blues - Style of blues with a 12-bar repeating chord pattern (I-I-I-I-IV-IV-I-I-V-IV-I-I), 12-tone system - Schoenberg’s composition system, which involves rearranging the 12 chromatic notes of an octave into a set order – also known as serialism, A capella - Singing with no instrumental backing, Acciaccatura - An ornament that’s played as quickly as possible before the written note sometimes called a ‘crushed’ note, Action song - A song in a musical that tells you what is going on – a bit like a recitative, Alap - The first phrase of a raga performance, Alto - Low female or high male voice. Signs roughly from the F below middle C to the F at the top of the treble clef stave, Ambient - Slow, chilled club dance music, Anacrusis - An upbeat, Antiphonal - A texture performed by two semi-independent groups in interaction, often singing alternate musical phrases. Like a Call and Response., Appoggiatura - An ornament that clashed with the accompanying chord then resolves. This ornament takes half the duration of the note it is attached to., Arch-Shape form - A musical structure: A symmetrical structure based on a repeating A section. The most popular Arch-Shape is ABCBA, Arpeggio - See broken chord, Articulation - The way notes/phrases are played: Staccato, Staccatissimo, Martellato, Marcato, Tenuto, Augmentation - Making a note longer in duration, Aria - Solo vocal piece in an opera, oratorio or a cantata. Shows the characters emotions – also known as an air, Art music - Music that’s written down (unlike folk music), Atonal - Music that’s not written in any key, Balafon - West African xylophone, Ballad - A song that tells a story, Bandish - A song that forms the final phrase of a raga performance. Known as gat if it’s played only on instruments, Bansuri - A bamboo flute used in Indian Classical Music, Barbershop Quartet - A group of singers who sing in close harmony, often popular songs, Baroque - Musical style of the 17th and early 18th centuries. It has lots of contrasts in dynamics and ornamentation, Bass - Low male voice that can sing from about the F below the bass clef to the E above middle C, Basso continuo - A continuous bass part in Baroque music, often played on the harpsichord with cello, Bebop - A type of jazz characterised by complex harmonies and fast, syncopated rhythms, Bi-rhythm - Two different rhythmic cycles played at the same time, Big band - A band that plays jazz and swing music, Binary form - A musical structure: music in two distinct sections (A B),

Day 1 - GCSE Music Terminology

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