1) Total Body Water (TBW) in a healthy adult male is approximately a) 30% of body weight b) 45% of body weight c) 60% of body weight d) 75% of body weight 2) Which factor causes females to have lower body water content than males? a) Higher bone density b) Higher muscle mass c) Higher fat content d) Lower hydration habits 3) Which tissue contains the highest percentage of water? a) Muscle tissue b) Adipose tissue c) Teeth d) Bone 4) The fluid inside body cells is known as: a) Plasman as: b) Intracellular fluid (ICF) c) Interstitial fluid d) Extracellular fluid (ECF) 5) In a 70 kg adult, how many litres of fluid are found in the ICF? a) 3.5 L b) 10.5 L c) 14 L d) 28 L 6) Which part of the ECF surrounds body cells and allows nutrient and waste exchange? a) Plasma b) Interstitial fluid c) Synovial fluid d) Lymph 7) The main cation in the extracellular fluid is: a) K⁺ b) Na⁺ c) Ca²⁺ d) Mg²⁺ 8) The major cation inside the cell is: a) Na⁺ b) K⁺ c) Ca²⁺ d) Cl⁻ 9) The Na⁺/K⁺ pump helps maintain fluid balance by moving: a) 3 Na⁺ into cell, 2 K⁺ out b) 3 Na⁺ out of cell, 2 K⁺ in c) Equal Na⁺ and K⁺ both directions d) Only K⁺ into cell 10) Plasma has a high amount of which substance that contributes to oncotic pressure? a) Albumin b) Sodium c) Chloride d) Calcium 11) Water movement across membranes always flows from: a) High solute to low solute b) High pressure to low pressure c) Low solute concentration to high solute concentration d) Low pressure to high pressure 12) Which pressure pushes fluid out of capillaries into the interstitial space? a) Plasma oncotic pressure b) Interstitial osmotic pressure c) Capillary hydrostatic pressure d) Lymphatic pressure 13) A patient with high ECF osmolarity (e.g., dehydration) will experience: a) Cell swelling b) Cell shrinking c) No change to cell size d) Cell rupture 14) Which hormone increases kidney water reabsorption? a) ADH b) ANP c) Insulin d) Cortisol 15) The body’s thirst mechanism is triggered by receptors located in the: a) Kidneys b) Hypothalamus c) Heart d) Pancreas 16) Which hormone promotes sodium and water loss to reduce blood volume? a) Aldosterone b) ADH c) ANP d) Renin 17) Excessive sweating normally causes: a) Isotonic gain b) Hypertonic gain c) Hypotonic loss d) No fluid changes 18) A condition caused by low sodium concentration due to excess water intake is called a) Hypernatremia b) Hyponatremia c) Hyperkalemia d) Dehydration

Anatomy & Physiology: Body Fluids & Electrolytes

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