1) the two nitrogenous bases, either adenine pairing with thymine or guanine paring with cytosine that are joined by a hydrogen bond and create a "rung" on the DNA ladder a) GMO (genetically modified organisms) b) gene mutation c) base pair  d) RNA (ribonucleic acid) 2) a single strand of DNA tightly coiled around special proteins a) RNA (ribonucleic acid) b) peptide bond c) translation d) chromosome 3) a long molecule in the shape of a double helix and made up of nucleotides; contains genetic "instructions" a) DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid b) nucleotide c) chromosomal mutation d) DNA technology (gene technology) 4) a section of DNA that carries the information on how to make one protein a) Sickle Cell Disease b) gene c) DNA replication d) transcription 5) the part of DNA that makes up the "rungs" of the ladder-like structure; the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) a) Nitrogenous Base b) DNA fingeprinting c) transcription d) base pair  6) a type of molecule that makes up DNA and RNA; contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base a) central dogma of molecular biology b) DNA replication c) rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) d) nucleotide 7) the order of nucleotides that determines which protein is made a) central dogma of molecular biology b) translation c) nucleotide sequence d) DNA fingeprinting 8) the biological process of building proteins based on DNA instructions a) chromosomal mutation b) anticodon c) protein synthesis d) DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid 9) information is transferred from DNA to RNA to proteins, but once the information is in the form of a protein, the transfer cannot be reversed a) stem cells b) rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) c) central dogma of molecular biology d) protein synthesis 10) the process of copying a strand of DNA a) DNA replication b) gene mutation c) translation d) genetic disorder 11) the sequence of three nucleotides on transfer RNA that pairs with the codons of messenger RNA a) anticodon b) DNA fingeprinting c) transcription d) Recombinant DNA 12) a sequence of three nucleotide bases that represents the code for one amino acid a) Reproductive cloning b) codon c) central dogma of molecular biology d) nucleotide sequence 13) a type of RNA that transfers the code from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm a) Recombinant DNA b) transcription c) gene mutation d) mRNA (Messenger RNA) 14) a bond between each amino acid in a protein a) RNA (ribonucleic acid) b) Recombinant DNA c) nucleotide d) peptide bond 15) a type of RNA that "reads" the codons from the messenger RNA a) stop codon b) gene c) rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) d) DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid 16) a single strand of nucleotides; different types are used to translate instructions from DNA into making proteins a) chromosomal mutation b) RNA (ribonucleic acid) c) DNA technology (gene technology) d) chromosome 17) a sequence of three nucleotide bases that indicates the end of protein synthesis a) stop codon b) DNA replication c) mRNA (Messenger RNA) d) central dogma of molecular biology 18) the process occurring in the nucleus of a cell that copies the instructions from a part of DNA onto a strand of messenger DNA. a) transcription b) genetic disorder c) stem cells d) codon 19) a type of RNA that carries an animo acid and transfers it to the protein chain being assembled in the ribosome a) genetic disorder b) tRNA (Transfer RNA) c) stop codon d) nucleotide 20) the process occurring in the cytoplasm of a cell that build proteins a) stem cells b) tRNA (Transfer RNA) c) nucleotide sequence d) translation 21) a mutation caused when a chromosome or part of a chromosome is duplicated, deleted, or attached incorrectly  a) DNA fingeprinting b) peptide bond c) chromosomal mutation d) Reproductive cloning 22) a mutation that changes one gene a) tRNA (Transfer RNA) b) nucleotide c) central dogma of molecular biology d) gene mutation 23) a disease caused by a defective gene or by a defective, missing, or extra chromosome a) genetic disorder b) DNA replication c) nucleotide d) codon 24) a genetic disease caused by a point mutation in which a single base is substituted; results in a defective hemoglobin protein a) genetic disorder b) stem cells c) Sickle Cell Disease d) RNA (ribonucleic acid) 25) a laboratory technique that creates a pattern from DNA segments that can be used similar to a fingerprint to identify an individual or to identify familial relationships a) Sickle Cell Disease b) DNA fingeprinting c) DNA replication d) nucleotide 26) a branch of science that studies gene function and expression and seeks to manipulate, modify, and/or transfer genes for useful purposes a) chromosome b) genetic disorder c) DNA technology (gene technology) d) peptide bond 27) an organism that has had it's genes altered by adding or removing genetic material a) translation b) GMO (genetically modified organisms) c) DNA technology (gene technology) d) Sickle Cell Disease 28) DNA that is formed by joining a short piece of DNA from one organism to the DNA of another organism a) anticodon b) chromosome c) Recombinant DNA d) stop codon 29) the process of creating an organism that is genetically identical to a donor organism a) rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) b) base pair  c) Reproductive cloning d) mRNA (Messenger RNA) 30) undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into other types of specialized cells a) Reproductive cloning b) stem cells c) DNA technology (gene technology) d) central dogma of molecular biology 31) the process of created a cloned embryo for the purpose of harvesting it's stem cells a) therapeutic cloning b) plasmids c) reproductive cloning d) genome 32) an organism that contains genes from a different species that have been artificially inserted into the a) stem cells b) transgenic organism c) plasmids d) cloning 33) a a laboratory analysis that identifies the unique nucleotide sequence of an organism's geome a) DNA sequencing b) genotyping c) gene therapy d) proteome 34) the treatment of a disease or disorder by replacing diseased genes with healthy ones or by introducing new genes into cells a) DNA sequencing b) gene therapy c) gene mutation d) point mutation

DNA and Protein Synthesis

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