1) The main focus of gerontologic nursing is: a) Treatment of disease in old age b) . Promotion of comfort and independence c) Rehabilitation of acute illness only d) Maintenance of youthfulness 2) The fastest-growing segment of the aging population is: a) 55–64 years b) 65–74 years c) 75–84 years d) 85 years and above 3) The term “compression of morbidity” refers to: a) Prolonging years of illness b) Shortening lifespan c) Extending healthy years while reducing time of disability d) Increasing disease burden 4) In the Philippines, the official entry age into older adulthood is: a) 55 years b) 60 years c) 65 years d) 70 years 5) According to WHO, the elderly population will double between 2000–2050, from: a) 5% to 12% b) 11% to 22% c) 8% to 16% d) 15% to 30% 6) Which of the following is not a normal physiologic change in aging? a) Decreased gastric motility b) Increased renal perfusion c) Decreased muscle mass d) Decreased skin elasticity 7) The nurse notes the elderly client becomes forgetful but still manages self-care. This is: a) Dementia b) Normal aging c) Delirium d) Alzheimer’s 8) The psychosocial task of late adulthood (Erikson) is: a) Identity vs. role confusion b) Generativity vs. stagnation c) Integrity vs. despair d) Intimacy vs. isolation 9) A nursing priority for an elderly client at risk for falls: a) Encourage independence in ambulation only b) Keep side rails up on all sides c) Remove clutter and provide adequate lighting d) Administer sedatives at bedtime 10) The best exercise for maintaining joint flexibility in older adults: a) Weightlifting b) Yoga or stretching c) Marathon running d) High-intensity interval training 11) The nurse prepares a health education plan for an older client with decreased hearing. She should: a) Speak loudly and rapidly b) Write long paragraphs c) Face the client and speak slowly, clearly, and distinctly d) Turn away to use visual aids 12) In palliative care, the nurse’s primary goal is to: a) Prolong life at all costs b) Prevent infection c) Maintain comfort and dignity d) Promote mobility 13) A confused older adult is found wandering. The most appropriate nursing action is: a) Restrain the patient b) Provide reality orientation and safe environment c) Sedate the patient d) Ignore behavior 14) Which of the following is a geriatric syndrome? a) Hypertension b) Falls c) Hypoglycemia d) Pneumonia 15) A client with terminal illness asks, “Why me?” This represents which grief stage? a) Denial b) Anger c) Bargaining d) Depression 16) Which law grants ₱500 monthly pension to indigent senior citizens? a) RA 7876 b) RA 7432 c) RA 9994 d) RA 10645 17) A 78-year-old client with diabetes and mild dementia insists on self-administering insulin. The nurse’s best initial action is to: a) Respect the client’s autonomy and allow self-administration. b) Assess the client’s cognitive and motor ability to prepare the injection safely. c) Refuse and explain that only nurses can give insulin. d) Call the physician for an order restricting insulin self-administration. 18) A nurse observes an elderly woman with bruises in different healing stages who hesitates to answer questions about her caregiver. What should the nurse do next? a) Ask the caregiver privately for an explanation. b) Document findings and report to the social worker or OSCA. c) Ignore to avoid embarrassment. d) Call the client’s relatives for verification. 19) During assessment, an older client says, “I’ve lived long enough; I’m ready if the Lord takes me.” The most therapeutic response is: a) “Don’t say that; you still have a long life ahead.” b) “Why are you saying that? Are you depressed?” c) “It sounds like you’ve accepted your life and feel at peace.” d) “Do you want me to call your family?” 20) A nurse cares for an 83-year-old post-stroke client. Which nursing intervention best demonstrates rehabilitative care? a) Performing all ADLs to avoid fatigue. b) Allowing long bed rest to prevent falls. c) Encouraging the client to brush teeth using the unaffected hand. d) Discouraging self-care until full recovery. 21) The family of an elderly client complains that the patient “sleeps during the day and is awake all night.” The nurse explains this is likely due to: a) Depression and social isolation. b) Age-related changes in circadian rhythm. c) Decreased need for sleep in old age. d) Delirium caused by infection. 22) An elderly client with mild cognitive impairment frequently forgets mealtime and medications. The most appropriate nursing intervention is to: a) Place a written reminder board in visible areas. b) Provide total assistance to avoid mistakes. c) Restrict independence to prevent harm. d) Move the client to a nursing facility 23) An elderly patient expresses loneliness after losing a spouse. The nurse’s best intervention is to: a) Encourage participation in community or church programs. b) Recommend limiting social activity to conserve energy. c) Suggest staying home to rest. d) Encourage family to restrict visitors. 24) When teaching an elderly client about nutrition, the nurse emphasizes: a) Decreased protein intake to prevent kidney strain. b) Reduced water intake to avoid nocturia. c) Increased fiber and fluids to prevent constipation. d) Elimination of all fats and carbohydrates. 25) The nurse suspects delirium in a hospitalized elderly patient. Which finding supports this diagnosis? a) Gradual memory loss and stable mood. b) Rapid onset of confusion with fluctuating alertness. c) Slow decline in judgment over months. d) Stable attention and communication. 26) Which of the following best defines compression of morbidity a) Preventing illness entirely through medication b) Reducing the period of sickness before death c) Extending the years spent in disease d) Aging without any physical change 27) In the Philippines, the population growth rate of the elderly is: a) Slower than the total population b) Equal to the national growth rate c) Faster than the total population d) Decreasing yearly 28) Which factor has contributed the most to the aging of the population? a) Increased fertility b) Decreased infant mortality and longer life expectancy c) Urban migration d) Industrialization 29) The statement “Old cells do not withstand challenges as well as young cells” best refers to: a) Wear-and-tear theory b) Cellular aging and decreased repair capacity c) Telomere shortening d) Immune deficiency 30) Which group represents the “oldest-old” category a) 55–64 years b) 65–74 years c) 75–84 years d) 85 years and above 31) A major economic challenge brought by population aging is: a) Increased tax collection b) Reduced pension and healthcare costs c) Greater dependency ratio and pension burden d) Stronger labor force 32) Which psychological effect is most common among family caregivers of the elderly? a) Joy b) Anxiety and depression c) Emotional detachment d) Denial 33) Physical symptoms of caregiver strain include: a) Headache, dizziness, chest tightness b) Euphoria and insomnia c) Weight gain and hyperactivity d) Improved energy levels 34) A positive effect of caregiving is: a) Social isolation b) Emotional exhaustion c) Appreciation of life and stronger relationships d) Financial burden 35) Which mental health problem is most frequently seen among caregivers and the elderly population? a) Dementia due to normal aging b) Depression related to role strain and loss c) Mania from medication side effects d) Schizophrenia secondary to sensory deprivation 36) A positive contribution of older adults to the community includes: a) Economic dependency on pensions b) Volunteering and passing on cultural wisdom c) Decline in participation and productivity d) Withdrawal from social groups for safety 37) Population aging has what primary impact on healthcare services? a) Less demand for preventive care b) Increased need for long-term and chronic care management c) Shorter hospital stays and fewer specialists d) Reduced use of prescription medications 38) Which is a major challenge faced by the Philippine health system as the number of elderly rises? a) Oversupply of geriatric nurses b) Insufficient geriatric-trained personnel and caregivers c) Decreased need for social services d) Lower government health spending 39) Which factor most contributes to gradual weight gain in older adults? a) Decreased basal metabolic rate and reduced activity b) Increased muscle mass and physical exertion c) Overactive thyroid gland d) Loss of bone calcium 40) Which chronic conditions are most prevalent among aging Filipinos? a) Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease b) Tuberculosis, dengue, malaria c) Appendicitis, asthma, pneumonia d) Skin cancer, ulcers, epilepsy 41) The nurse interprets which statement as showing healthy psychosocial adjustment to aging? a) “I avoid my neighbors because they might pity me.” b) “I find happiness helping my grandchildren with schoolwork.” c) “I regret every year that passes.” d) “I rarely talk to anyone since I retired.” 42) A 70-year-old who maintains a balanced diet, performs light exercise, and monitors BP regularly is demonstrating: a) Health maintenance and self-management b) Psychosocial regression c) Functional dependency d) Passive aging behavior 43) Which of the following best explains a physiologic benefit of regular exercise in older adults? a) Decreased joint mobility due to repeated strain b) Improved circulation, muscle tone, and oxygen use c) Increased insulin resistance d) Reduced bone density 44) To ensure safety during an elderly exercise program, the nurse should emphasize which point? a) Skip warm-up to conserve energy b) Drink water only after exercise c) Begin with stretching and cool down gradually afterward d) Exercise immediately after eating to digest better 45) Which is a psychological benefit of consistent physical activity? a) Increased stress hormone levels b) Enhanced mood and self-esteem through endorphin release c) Decreased motivation due to exhaustion d) Sleep deprivation and anxiety 46) The best time for an elderly person to exercise is when: a) Immediately after heavy meals b) The weather is moderate and the person feels rested c) During periods of extreme heat to increase sweating d) Late at night to induce fatigue 47) An elderly client asks about outdoor activities. The nurse’s safest response is: a) “Avoid outdoor activities entirely to prevent falls.” b) ”Outdoor walks are fine if weather and environment are safe.” c) ”“Exercise only in very cold weather for stamina.” d) “Always run instead of walk for heart training.” 48) Hydration during and after exercise primarily prevents which complication in older adults? a) Cardiac arrhythmia b) Dehydration, hypotension, and muscle cramps c) Hyperglycemia d) Heat retention 49) The average amount of sleep needed by older adults is approximately: a) 3–4 hours per night b) 5–7 hours of restful sleep c) 8–10 hours continuously d) Over 10 hours daily including naps 50) To promote healthy sleep patterns, the nurse should advise: a) Take caffeine before bed b) Keep a quiet, dim room and avoid heavy meals at night c) Watch television until drowsy d) Increase afternoon naps to 3 hours 51)  The Senior Citizens Act or RA 7432 was enacted in: a) A. 1990 b) B. 1991 c) C. 1992 d) D. 1993 52) RA 7432 is officially titled a) A. “Senior Citizens Center Act of 1994” b) B. “Senior Citizens Act of 1992” c) C. “Expanded Senior Citizens Act” d) D. “Centenarian Act of 2016” 53) The Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2003 refers to: a) A. RA 7876 b) B. RA 9257 c) C. RA 9994 d) D. RA 10645 54) What is the main goal of RA 9994 (2010)? a) A. Provide comprehensive benefits, protection, and healthcare for senior citizens b) B. Promote employment of minors c) C. Build hospitals for youth d) D. Abolish OSCA offices 55) Which agency implements the provisions of RA 9994? a) A. DSWD in coordination with OSCA and DOH b) B. Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) c) C. Department of Tourism (DOT) d) D. CHED and DepEd 56) Under RA 9994, indigent senior citizens receive a monthly pension of: a) A. ₱300 b) B. ₱500 c) C. ₱1,000 d) D. ₱2,000 57) RA 7876 (1994) is known as: a) A. “Senior Citizens Center Act of 1994” b) B. “Expanded Senior Citizens Act” c) C. “PhilHealth Act” d) D. “Centenarian Act” 58) The Senior Citizens Center Act of 1994 (RA 7876) aims to: a) A. Establish centers for leisure, training, and healthcare for the elderly b) B. Build hospitals exclusively for children c) C. Create rehabilitation centers for minors d) D. Restrict senior citizen gatherings 59) RA 10645, enacted in 2014, provides what major benefit? a) A. Mandatory PhilHealth coverage for all senior citizens b) B. 10% salary increase for elderly workers c) C. Free tertiary education d) D. Monthly pension for centenarians 60) RA 10868 (2016) is also called: a) A. “Senior Citizens Act” b) B. “Centenarian Act of 2016” c) C. “Healthy Aging Law” d) D. “Silver Philippines Program” 61) Under RA 10868, Filipinos reaching 100 years old are entitled to: a) A. ₱100,000 and a congratulatory letter from the President b) B. Free housing c) C. ₱50,000 annual pension d) D. Free airfare and transport 62) RA 11350 (2019) established what commission? a) A. Commission on Aging b) B. National Commission of Senior Citizens (NCSC) c) C. National Elderly Affairs Office d) D. OSCA 63) The NCSC (RA 11350) took over functions previously handled by: a) A. DSWD b) B. DOH c) C. LGU d) D. CHED 64) RA 9994 was signed into law in what year? a) A. 2009 b) B. 2010 c) C. 2011 d) D. 2012 65) RA 9257 was passed in what year? a) A. 2000 b) B. 2003 c) C. 2005 d) D. 2007 66) The main focus of RA 9257 (2003) was to: a) A. Expand benefits and privileges for senior citizens including tax exemptions b) B. Repeal previous laws c) C. Limit senior involvement in business d) D. End pension programs 67) The Philippine Plan of Action for Senior Citizens (PPASC) aims to: a) A. Promote active aging and community involvement b) B. Replace all senior citizens with youth workers c) C. Reduce public health spending d) D. Limit participation of elders in society 68) Proclamation No. 470 (1994) declares which event? a) Elderly Filipino Week every October 1–7 b) B. National Health Month c) C. Geriatric Nurses Week d) D. World Mental Health Day 69) The Decade of Healthy Ageing (2021–2030) is a global initiative by: a) A. World Health Organization (WHO) b) B. United Nations (UNESCO) c) C. ASEAN d) D. Philippine Department of Health 70) The WHO’s Four Action Areas for Healthy Ageing include all except: a) A. Long-term care b) B. Age-friendly environments c) C. Political neutrality d) D. Integrated care 71) The DSWD’s Social Pension Program supports: a) A. Indigent senior citizens not covered by other pensions b) B. Government employees only c) C. Retired politicians d) D. All adults regardless of income 72) The mandatory retirement age in the Philippines is: a) A. 55 years b) B. 60 years c) C. 65 years d) D. 70 years 73) Which RA declares October 1 as National Respect for the Elderly Day? a) A. RA 7876 b) B. RA 9994 c) C. Proclamation No. 470 d) D. RA 11350 74) RA 9994 Section 4(a) grants a 20% discount and VAT exemption on: a) A. Medicines, medical services, transportation, restaurants, and recreation b) B. Utilities and rent c) C. Agricultural goods d) D. Electronics 75) RA 7432 ensures what social goal? a) A. Recognition of elders as partners in nation-building b) B. Isolation of the aged c) C. Reduction of pensions d) D. Employment ban on older adults 76) Under RA 11350, the NCSC is attached to which department? a) A. Office of the President b) B. DSWD c) C. DOH d) D. DILG 77) RA 9994 emphasizes which guiding principle? a) A. Respect, social justice, and human dignity for older persons b) B. Mandatory nursing home residency c) C. Institutionalization of all seniors d) D. Privatization of elderly care 78) Which RA mandates equal employment opportunity for senior citizens in private and government sectors? a) A. RA 7432 b) B. RA 7876 c) C. RA 10868 d) D. RA 9994 79) The overall goal of Philippine elderly laws and programs is: a) A. Promote active, productive, and dignified aging b) B. Increase dependency c) C. Limit family involvement d) D. Focus on institutional care only 80) Lola Maria, 70, asks if she can still get free vaccines even without PhilHealth. The nurse replies that DOH provides free flu and pneumococcal vaccines for indigent seniors under what law? a) A. RA 9257 b) B. RA 9994 c) C. RA 10645 d) D. RA 7876

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