gamete - a sex cell – an ova or sperm, ovum - a female sex cell, also known as an egg, sperm - a male sex cell, chromosome - a tightly coiled strand of DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid - found in the nucleus of a cell; the carrier of genetic information, gene - a segment of DNA, the basic functional unit of heredity, genome - an organism’s entire set of DNA, genotype - the genetic code for a gene or an organism’s entire genome, heredity - the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring, nucleotide - building block of DNA (adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine), phenotype - how the genotype is physically expressed, autosome - a non-sex chromosome (22 pairs in humans), allosome - a sex chromosome (1 pair in humans), diploid - the number of chromosomes found in most cells, haploid - the number of chromosomes found in the sex cells(sperm and ova), karyotype - a picture of an individual’s full set of chromosomes, Mutation - an error in DNA caused by a substitution, an insertion or a deletion of a base, stem cell - a cell type that is unspecialised and can develop into other types of cell, Biotechnology - the use of living organisms to develop products, GM - genetically modified; an organism that has had alterations to its DNA,

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