Asymmetric Encryption - This method of encryption involves using a pair of keys to encrypt and decrypt a message, Protocol - A set of rules that allow two devices to communicate, TCP/IP Stack - The most common general-purpose standard protocol that allows any networked computers (including those on The Internet) to communicate with each other whatever their equipment, DNS - Domain Name System. Maintain a directory of domain names and translate them to Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, LAN - Local Area Network. Typically owned by the user (e.g., school/buisness), WAN - Wide Area Network. Owned by third parties and leased to the users., Packet Switching - A method of sending data over a wide area network in which the message is broken into a number of parts which are sent independently, potentially using different routes and arriving in a different order., Circuit Switching - A method of sending data over a wide area network in which two network nodes establish a dedicated communications channel through the network before the nodes may communicate, Firewall - A computer application (or physical device running software) used in a network to prevent external users gaining unauthorised access to a computer system., Proxies - A computer application that accesses data on a different computer system or network. May add caching, logging or authentication., Encryption - The process of making data in a computer system unintelligible, Client-Sever - A method of network organisation in which clients (computers or processes) make use of resources available from a server (computer or process), Peer to Peer - A method of network organisation in which computer can share resources on other computers, e.g., file sharing. Typically used for piracy/illegal activities., Link Layer - Bottom layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack used to transmit packets from one physical device to another. Typically uses a MAC address., Network Layer - AKA Internet Layer of the TCP/IP stack. Uses IP addresses (IPv4 or IPv6) to route packets from one network to another, Transport Layer - TCP/IP layer uses port numbers to identify where packets need to directed to services. , Application Layer - Top layer of the TCP/IP stack which has application specific protocols which are transmitted using the underlying layers., TCP - A connection oriented Transport layer protocol which provides reliable end-to-end transfer to data: in the correct order, checksummed with no duplicates, UDP - Universal Datagram Protocol - an unreliable connectionless protocol which can be used by applications which add reliability (re-transmission, re-ordering, checking). Used in gaming and Voice Over Internet (VOIP),

A-Level-U5_Network Definition Flashcards

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