Gene - A "transcription unit" with three distinct parts, Covalent - shares electrons- Nonpolar, Ionic - Opposite Charges, Hydrogen Bonds - are attractions between atoms, each with partial electrical charges, Polar bonds - Created by a difference in electronegativities, Hydrophobic interaction - Interaction of nonpolar substances in the presence of polar substances (especially water), Nonpolar means - the electron negativities are about the same, What type of chemical bond connects the carbon and oxygen atoms in the molecule shown - Polar Covalent Bond, A nucleotide contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a(n) - nitrogen containing base., Which statement contrasting purines and pyrimidines is true - Purines are double-ring structures, whereas pyrimidines are single-ring structures, In condensation reactions, the atoms that make up a water molecule are derived from - both reactants, What type of amino acid side chains would you expect to find on the surface of a protein embedded in a cell membrane - Hydrophobic, A peptide linkage forms between - a amino group and a carboxyl group, Which amino acid substitution for alanine would least likely affect the three dimensional shape of the resulting protein? - Isoleucine, A essential functional group involved in cellular energy reactions is the ______ group - phosphate, Aspartate and glutamate can form hydrogen bonds with water because they - have electrically charged side chains , In contrast to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack intracellular compartments referred to as - organelles, An amino acid can be classified by the - characteristics of its side chains, or R groups, The primary structure of proteins is the - amino acid sequence, The primary structure contains the information necessary for the formation of a secondary structure, including the ____ and the _____ - alpha helix, beta pleated sheet, Secondary structure of proteins is stabilized by the formation of - hydrogen bonds, The main idea behind the central dogma of molecular biology is the - flow of information in gene expression. , Centromeres at the end of many of the chromosomes - telocentric, Telomerase - Prevents the ends of chromosomes form being eroded with each round of DNA replication, high levels of telomerase in frequently divided cells , Type of chromosome mutation that increases the amount of genetic material for all chromosomes - polyploidy, Increases the amount of genetic material - duplication, Aneuploidy of an organism that is missing a single chromosome - monosomy, Form of aneuploidy that causes primary Down syndrome - trisomy, Multipotent cell - Develops into only certain cell types, Motor Proteins - Cause movement of structures in the cell ,

Genetics Midterm Review

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