Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA) - feature of Windows operating systems that automaically assigns a unique IP address from the range 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254 to a computer when it fails to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server, RFC1918 - the ranges of IP addresses reserved for private networks preventing them from being routed on the public internet. The reserved IP address ranges include 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255., Loopback/localhost - is a special IP address that is used to test network software and interfaces on a local device. For IPv4, the address is 127.0.0.1, and for IPv6, it is ::1., Variable length subnet mask (VLSM) - for allocating IP addresses and routing that allows for flexible subnetting beyond the traditional class-based IP addressing., Classless Inter-domain routing (CIDR) - notation is a method for specifying IP addresses and their associated rou ng prefix that allowsfor variable-length subnet masking (VLSM), e ectively replacing the classful network design., Class A - designed for very large networks, with the first octet ranging from 1 to 126,, Class B - intended for medium-sized networks, with the first octet ranging from 128 to 191., Class C - allocated for small networks, with the first octet ranging from 192 to 223., Class D - addresses are reserved for multicast groups and do not define hosts and networks in the traditional sense., Class E - addresses are reserved for experimental use and are not used in public networks. The first octet ranges from 240 to 255,, Subnetting - the process of dividing a larger IP network into smaller, more manageable subnetworks. This technique is used to improve network performance by reducing traffic congestion, enhance security by isolating parts of the network, and make IP address allocation more efficient,

1.7 IPv4

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