DNA Polymerase - Enzyme that joins DNA nucleotides together (condensation reaction forming phosphodiester bonds) during DNA replication, Primers - A short single stranded sequence of nucleotides with bases complementary to the start of the DNA fragment, Modified nucleotides - Have a different structure to DNA nucleotides. DNA replication will stop if DNA polymerase encounters them, Sanger sequencing - The chain termination method of DNA sequencing developed by Sanger and his colleagues in 1970, High throughput sequencing - Advances in modern technology has allowed  scientists to RAPIDLY sequence genomes of organisms, Automated sequencing - Modern sequencing techniques involve all 4 modified nucleotides being involved in a single reaction. Each has a unique fluorescent label.., Anneal - When the primer binds to complementary DNA at the start of the DNA to be sequenced., Gel electrophoresis - Method used to separate DNA fragments by length, Next generation sequencing - Any method of sequencing that has replaced the Sanger method (not high-throughput as this is still based on Sanger sequencing), Advantages of next generation sequencing - Much faster and therefore less costly (0.1% cost of chain termination methods), If test strand after sequencing has base sequence ATTCGTCAG - Original template strand must have complementary sequence TAAGCAGTC,

DNA Sequencing

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